The population of South Asia is about 1.9 billion or about one-fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. South Asia covers about 5.2 million km 2 (2.0 million sq mi), which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world's land surface area. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organization in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. On land (clockwise), South Asia is bounded by Western Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. The Amu Darya, which rises north of the Hindu Kush, forms part of the northwestern border. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined largely by the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Pamir mountains on the north. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic- cultural terms.
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